# DOMNode::appendChild

(PHP 5, PHP 7)

DOMNode::appendChild — Adds new child at the end of the children

### Description

public DOMNode::appendChild ( DOMNode `$newnode` ) : DOMNode

This function appends a child to an existing list of children or creates a new list of children. The child can be created with e.g. DOMDocument::createElement(), DOMDocument::createTextNode() etc. or simply by using any other node.

### Parameters

`newnode`

  The appended child.

### Return Values

The node added.

### Errors/Exceptions

`DOM_NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR`

  Raised if this node is readonly or if the previous parent of the node being inserted is readonly.

`DOM_HIERARCHY_REQUEST_ERR`

  Raised if this node is of a type that does not allow children of the type of the `newnode` node, or if the node to append is one of this node's ancestors or this node itself.

`DOM_WRONG_DOCUMENT_ERR`

  Raised if `newnode` was created from a different document than the one that created this node.

### Examples

The following example will add a new element node to a fresh document.

Example #1 Adding a child

`<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument;
$node = $doc->createElement("para");
$newnode = $doc->appendChild($node);
echo $doc->saveXML();
?>`

Example #2 Nested children

`<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument;
$headNode = $doc->createElement("head");
$doc->appendChild($headNode);
$titleNode = $doc->createElement("title");
$headNode->appendChild($titleNode);
echo $doc->saveXML();
?>`

### See Also

- DOMNode::insertBefore() - Adds a new child before a reference node
- DOMNode::removeChild() - Removes child from list of children
- DOMNode::replaceChild() - Replaces a child