# pg_escape_literal

(PHP 5 >= 5.4.4, PHP 7)

pg_escape_literal — Escape a literal for insertion into a text field

### Description

pg_escape_literal ([ resource `$connection` ], string `$data` ) : string

pg_escape_literal() escapes a literal for querying the PostgreSQL database. It returns an escaped literal in the PostgreSQL format. pg_escape_literal() adds quotes before and after data. Users should not add quotes. Use of this function is recommended instead of pg_escape_string(). If the type of the column is bytea, pg_escape_bytea() must be used instead. For escaping identifiers (e.g. table, field names), pg_escape_identifier() must be used.

> Note:

> This function has internal escape code and can also be used with PostgreSQL 8.4 or less.

### Parameters

`connection`

  PostgreSQL database connection resource. When `connection` is not present, the default connection is used. The default connection is the last connection made by pg_connect() or pg_pconnect(). When there is no default connection, it raises E_WARNING and returns `FALSE`.

`data`

  A string containing text to be escaped.

### Return Values

A string containing the escaped data.

### Examples

Example #1 pg_escape_literal() example

`<?php
// Connect to the database
$dbconn = pg_connect('dbname=foo');
// Read in a text file (containing apostrophes and backslashes)
$data = file_get_contents('letter.txt');
// Escape the text data
$escaped = pg_escape_literal($data);
// Insert it into the database. Note that no quotes around {$escaped}
pg_query("INSERT INTO correspondence (name, data) VALUES ('My letter', {$escaped})");
?>`

### See Also

- pg_escape_identifier() - Escape a identifier for insertion into a text field
- pg_escape_bytea() - Escape a string for insertion into a bytea field
- pg_escape_string() - Escape a string for query